2023-08-29
再傳佳音!恒瑞醫藥“雙艾”組合鼻咽癌研究登上《自然》子刊
近日,恒瑞醫藥創新藥卡瑞利珠單抗(艾瑞卡?)聯合阿帕替尼(艾坦?)(“雙艾”組合)治療復發或轉移鼻咽癌臨床研究結果發表于Nature Communications(IF:16.6),該研究由中山大學腫瘤防治中心鼻咽科麥海強教授團隊牽頭開展。研究結果顯示[1],卡瑞(rui)利珠單抗聯合阿帕替尼二線治療(liao)(liao)復(fu)發或轉移鼻咽癌(ai),針(zhen)對(dui)一線含(han)鉑化療(liao)(liao)進展(zhan)患(huan)者(隊列(lie)一)客觀緩解率(lv)(ORR)為65%,針(zhen)對(dui)一線免疫治療(liao)(liao)進展(zhan)患(huan)者(隊列(lie)二)ORR為34.4%,整體安全性良好(hao),有(you)望為復(fu)發或轉移鼻咽癌(ai)患(huan)者帶來新的治療(liao)(liao)選(xuan)擇(ze)。
這是“雙艾”組(zu)合在多癌種治(zhi)療(liao)(liao)中的又(you)一次探索性(xing)突破。就在前不久,“雙艾”治(zhi)療(liao)(liao)肝癌的研究成果登上國(guo)際頂尖醫學期刊《柳(liu)葉刀》主刊,其美國(guo)申報上市也獲(huo)得了FDA受理。
卡瑞利珠單抗聯合阿帕替尼二線治療復發或轉移鼻咽癌臨床研究結果發表于Nature Communications
研究背景
鼻咽癌(NPC)具有獨特的地理、病因學及生物學特征,使其與其他頭頸部腫瘤區別開來[2]。鼻咽癌主要流行于中國南部、東南亞、中東和北非[2-4]。非角化型鼻咽癌是流行地區最常見的病理亞型,其癌變與EB病毒(EBV)感染密切相關[5、6]。復發或轉移性鼻咽癌(RM-NPC)患者通常預后較差,中位總生存期(mOS)約為20個月[7]。
順鉑聯合吉西他濱(GP),是RM-NPC的標準一線化療方案[8]。免疫療法,特別是PD-1/PD-L1抑制劑,近年來在各種癌癥以及RM-NPC中顯示出治療效果。基于CAPTAIN-1ST研究的Ⅲ期臨床試驗結果,中國臨床腫瘤學會(CSCO)臨床指南推薦卡瑞利珠單抗聯合GP作為RM-NPC患者的一線治療方案[9、10]。化療(liao)聯(lian)合PD-1抑(yi)制劑治(zhi)療(liao)后(hou)難(nan)治(zhi)性或(huo)進(jin)展的患(huan)者治(zhi)療(liao)選(xuan)擇很少,目前尚(shang)無標準的治(zhi)療(liao)方法。
PD-1/PD-L1抑制劑與抗血管生成藥物的組合已顯示出對多種惡性腫瘤的良好療效[11-17]。從機制上講,抗血管生成藥物可以通過增加血管正常化,直接減少調節性T細胞增殖,增加免疫效應細胞向腫瘤的浸潤,促進樹突狀細胞成熟,并對腫瘤微環境進行重塑[18-21]。抗血管生成藥物可增加腫瘤微環境中小靜脈的密度,促進T細胞向腫瘤轉運,克服內皮免疫細胞屏障[20]。
卡瑞利(li)珠單抗是恒瑞醫藥(yao)自主研發(fa)(fa)的人(ren)源化PD-1單克隆抗體,已在(zai)肺(fei)癌(ai)、肝癌(ai)、食(shi)管癌(ai)、鼻(bi)咽癌(ai)以及淋巴瘤(liu)五大瘤(liu)種中獲批9個適(shi)應癥。阿帕替尼是恒瑞醫藥(yao)開發(fa)(fa)的一款針對(dui)血管內皮生(sheng)長因(yin)子受體(VEGFR)的小(xiao)分子酪(lao)氨酸(suan)激酶抑制劑,目前有3個適(shi)應癥獲批。
卡瑞利珠單抗聯合阿帕替尼的藥物組合已經在許多實體腫瘤中有了探索,結果顯示具有令人鼓舞的療效和可管理的安全性[22、23]。然(ran)而,目前卡瑞利珠單抗聯合阿(a)帕(pa)替尼治(zhi)療鉑(bo)耐藥和PD-1抑(yi)制劑耐藥的RM-NPC患者的療效和安全性尚(shang)不清楚。
研究方法
本(ben)研究是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)項開放標簽、雙隊(dui)(dui)(dui)列(lie)、單中(zhong)心Ⅱ期(qi)(qi)臨床試驗。主(zhu)要(yao)入排標準為:18-75歲,組織學或(huo)細胞學確認的(de)復發(fa)/轉移(yi)鼻咽癌,不(bu)(bu)適宜接(jie)受(shou)局(ju)部治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao),ECOG評分0或(huo)1,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)線接(jie)受(shou)含鉑(bo)化(hua)(hua)療(liao)進展(zhan)(隊(dui)(dui)(dui)列(lie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))或(huo)免疫檢查點(dian)抑制劑聯(lian)合或(huo)不(bu)(bu)聯(lian)合含鉑(bo)化(hua)(hua)療(liao)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)后進展(zhan)(隊(dui)(dui)(dui)列(lie)二(er)),至(zhi)少有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個可(ke)測量病灶(zao)。排除接(jie)受(shou)過VEGFR靶(ba)向治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)的(de)受(shou)試者。隊(dui)(dui)(dui)列(lie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者接(jie)受(shou)卡(ka)瑞(rui)利(li)(li)珠單抗(kang)(kang)200mg每(mei)3周一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)以及阿(a)帕(pa)(pa)替尼250mg每(mei)天一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci),隊(dui)(dui)(dui)列(lie)二(er)的(de)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者先(xian)接(jie)受(shou)阿(a)帕(pa)(pa)替尼單藥(yao)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)2周來重塑(su)免疫抵抗(kang)(kang)的(de)微環境,后進行(xing)卡(ka)瑞(rui)利(li)(li)珠單抗(kang)(kang)聯(lian)合阿(a)帕(pa)(pa)替尼治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao),直至(zhi)疾(ji)(ji)病進展(zhan)、出現不(bu)(bu)可(ke)耐受(shou)毒性、患(huan)(huan)(huan)者死亡或(huo)者患(huan)(huan)(huan)者要(yao)求(qiu)終(zhong)止。主(zhu)要(yao)終(zhong)點(dian)是客觀緩解(jie)率(ORR)。次(ci)要(yao)終(zhong)點(dian)包括疾(ji)(ji)病控制率(DCR)、無進展(zhan)生存期(qi)(qi)(PFS)、緩解(jie)持續(xu)時間(DoR)和安全性。
圖1.研究方法
研究結果
2020年9月(yue)至(zhi)(zhi)2021年1月(yue),共(gong)入(ru)組(zu)(zu)(zu)72例(li)受試者,其(qi)中(zhong)隊列(lie)一(yi)(yi)入(ru)組(zu)(zu)(zu)40例(li),隊列(lie)二入(ru)組(zu)(zu)(zu)32例(li)。截至(zhi)(zhi)2022年10月(yue),隊列(lie)一(yi)(yi)的(de)中(zhong)位(wei)隨(sui)訪時間為(wei)(wei)(wei)23.3個月(yue),ORR為(wei)(wei)(wei)65%,DCR為(wei)(wei)(wei)80%,中(zhong)位(wei)PFS為(wei)(wei)(wei)12.6個月(yue),中(zhong)位(wei)OS沒(mei)有達到。隊列(lie)二的(de)中(zhong)位(wei)隨(sui)訪時間為(wei)(wei)(wei)18.5個月(yue),ORR為(wei)(wei)(wei)34.4%,DCR為(wei)(wei)(wei)68.8%,中(zhong)位(wei)PFS為(wei)(wei)(wei)4.5個月(yue),中(zhong)位(wei)OS為(wei)(wei)(wei)16.2個月(yue)。
圖2. 隊列一與隊列二的療效數據
研究結論
本研究中,卡(ka)瑞(rui)(rui)利珠(zhu)單抗(kang)(kang)聯(lian)合(he)阿(a)帕替(ti)尼二線(xian)治療復(fu)發或轉(zhuan)移鼻咽(yan)癌,針(zhen)對(dui)一(yi)線(xian)鉑耐(nai)藥(yao)患(huan)者ORR為65%,針(zhen)對(dui)一(yi)線(xian)免疫耐(nai)藥(yao)的(de)患(huan)者ORR為34.4%,且安全(quan)性可(ke)控。卡(ka)瑞(rui)(rui)利珠(zhu)單抗(kang)(kang)聯(lian)合(he)阿(a)帕替(ti)尼對(dui)一(yi)線(xian)治療失敗的(de)難治性復(fu)發/轉(zhuan)移鼻咽(yan)癌患(huan)者具(ju)有(you)良好的(de)抗(kang)(kang)腫瘤活(huo)性,為復(fu)發或轉(zhuan)移鼻咽(yan)癌患(huan)者帶(dai)來新的(de)選擇。
這意味著“雙艾(ai)(ai)”在(zai)多(duo)癌(ai)(ai)種治(zhi)療(liao)中的(de)探(tan)索(suo)又(you)進了(le)一(yi)步。近年來,“雙艾(ai)(ai)”已在(zai)肝癌(ai)(ai)、食管癌(ai)(ai)、胃癌(ai)(ai)、黑色素瘤(liu)(liu)、子宮內膜癌(ai)(ai)和(he)肺癌(ai)(ai)等不同(tong)瘤(liu)(liu)種進行(xing)研究,分別取得了(le)積極成(cheng)果(guo)并亮相國際舞臺。未來“雙艾(ai)(ai)”還將繼續(xu)探(tan)索(suo)更(geng)廣泛(fan)的(de)癌(ai)(ai)種治(zhi)療(liao),造福更(geng)多(duo)腫(zhong)瘤(liu)(liu)患(huan)者。
“雙艾”亮(liang)眼成績背后,是恒(heng)(heng)瑞醫藥堅定自(zi)主創新(xin)(xin)的韌勁。近十(shi)年(nian),公司(si)累(lei)計(ji)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)投入292億(yi)元,并在連云港、上(shang)海、美(mei)國(guo)和歐洲等地設(she)立研(yan)(yan)發(fa)中(zhong)心(xin),全(quan)球(qiu)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)團隊達5000余人。目前,公司(si)獲(huo)批上(shang)市自(zi)研(yan)(yan)創新(xin)(xin)藥增至13款(kuan)、合作引進創新(xin)(xin)藥2款(kuan),另(ling)有(you)80多個自(zi)主創新(xin)(xin)產品正在臨(lin)床(chuang)開發(fa),270多項臨(lin)床(chuang)試驗在國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)開展。未來,恒(heng)(heng)瑞醫藥將(jiang)繼續堅持“以患者(zhe)為中(zhong)心(xin)”的理念(nian),重創新(xin)(xin),強研(yan)(yan)發(fa),力爭研(yan)(yan)制(zhi)出更(geng)多更(geng)好的新(xin)(xin)藥,服務健康中(zhong)國(guo),惠及全(quan)球(qiu)患者(zhe)。
參考文獻:
[1].Yuan L, Mai HQ, et al. Camrelizumab combined with apatinib in patients with first-line platinum-resistant or PD-1 inhibitor resistant recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a single-arm, phase 2 trial. Nature communications, 14(1), 4893(2023).
[2].Chen, Y.-P. et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Lancet 394, 64–80 (2019).
[3].Chang, E. T. & Adami, H.-O. The enigmatic epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 15, 1765–1777 (2006).
[4].Feng, R.-M., Zong, Y.-N., Cao, S.-M. & Xu, R.-H. Current cancer situation in China: good or bad news from the 2018 Global Cancer Statistics? Cancer Commun. (Lond.) 39, 22 (2019).
[5].Ngan, H.-L., Wang, L., Lo, K.-W. & Lui, V. W. Y. Genomic landscapes of EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma vs. HPV-associated head and neck cancer. Cancers (Basel) 10, 210 (2018).
[6].Ou, S. H. I., Zell, J. A., Ziogas, A. & Anton-Culver, H. Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the United States: improved survival of Chinese patients within the keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma histology. Ann. Oncol. 18, 29–35 (2007).
[7].Prawira, A. et al. Systemic therapies for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review. Br. J. Cancer 117, 1743–1752 (2017)
[8].Hong, S. et al. Gemcitabine plus cisplatin versus fluorouracil plus cisplatin as first-line therapy for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: final overall survival analysis of GEM20110714 phase III study. J. Clin. Oncol. 39, 3273–3282 (2021).
[9].Tang, L.-L. et al. The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Commun. 41, 1195–1227 (2021)
[10].Yang, Y. et al. Camrelizumab versus placebo in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin as first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CAPTAIN-1st): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 22, 1162–1174 (2021).
[11].Cheng, H. et al. Camrelizumab plus apatinib in patients with highrisk chemorefractory or relapsed gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (CAP 01): a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 22, 1609–1617 (2021).
[12].Lan, C. et al. Camrelizumab plus apatinib in patients with advanced cervical cancer (CLAP): a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase II trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 38, 4095–4106 (2020).
[13].Xu, J. et al. Anti-PD-1 antibody SHR-1210 combined with apatinib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric, or esophagogastric junction cancer: an open-label, dose escalation and expansion study. Clin. Cancer Res. 25, 515–523 (2019).
[14].Rini, B. I. et al. Pembrolizumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib for advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 380, 1116–1127 (2019).
[15].Motzer, R. J. et al. Avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib for advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 380, 1103–1115 (2019).
[16].Zhu, A. X. et al. Ramucirumab after sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and increased α-fetoprotein concentrations (REACH-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 20, 282–296 (2019).
[17].Finn, R. S. et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 382, 1894–1905 (2020)
[18].Khan, K. A. & Kerbel, R. S. Improving immunotherapy outcomes with anti-angiogenic treatments and vice versa. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 15, 310–324 (2018).
[19].Yap, T. A. et al. Development of immunotherapy combination strategies in cancer. Cancer Discov. 11, 1368–1397 (2021).
[20].Huinen, Z. R., Huijbers, E. J. M., van Beijnum, J. R., Nowak-Sliwinska, P. & Griffioen, A. W. Anti-angiogenic agents - overcoming tumour endothelial cell anergy and improving immunotherapy outcomes. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 18, 527–540 (2021).
[21].Fukumura, D., Kloepper, J., Amoozgar, Z., Duda, D. G. & Jain, R. K. Enhancing cancer immunotherapy using antiangiogenics: opportunities and challenges. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 15, 325–340 (2018).
[22].Liu, J. et al. Multicenter phase II trial of Camrelizumab combined with Apatinib and Eribulin in heavily pretreated patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Nat. Commun. 13, 3011 (2022).
[23].Ju, W.-T. et al. A pilot study of neoadjuvant combination of anti-PD-1 camrelizumab and VEGFR2 inhibitor apatinib for locally advanced resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma. Nat. Commun. 13, 5378 (2022).